2010-03-07 11:16:12 
阿炯
backport的含义是“向后移植”，就是将软件新版本的某些功能移植到旧版本上来,这种行为就称为backport。
Debian向来以稳定性著称，所以就存在一个问题，官方源分发的软件版本比软件本身的版本总是要慢不少，所以就有了backports源。 backports主要从testing源，部分安全更新从unstable源重新编译包，使这些包不依赖于新版本的库就可以在debian的 stable发行版上面运行。所以backports是stable和testing的一个折衷。
If You are running Debian stable, because you prefer the stable Debian tree. It runs great, there is just one problem: the software is a little bit outdated compared to other distributions. That is where backports come in.
Backports are recompiled packages from testing (mostly) and unstable (in a few cases only, e.g. security updates), so they will run without new libraries (wherever it is possible) on a stable Debian distribution. I recommend you to pick out single backports which fits your needs, and not to use all backports available here.
backports源的使用方法如下：
在/etc/apt/sources.list增加下面的行
deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://www.backports.org/debian/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
这里以Lenny为例加入163的源, 编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件, 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-backport/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
下载之:
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/sources.list.lenny-backport
下载相应版本的sources.list, 覆盖/etc/apt/sources.list即可(操作前请做好相应备份)
然后安装backports源的GnuPG archive key
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install debian-backports-keyring
就可以正常的使用backports源了。
Install Backports Debian Packages(安装backports中的软件包)
If you want to install Backport debian packages follow this simple procedure
First you need to add this line to your /etc/apt/sources.list file
deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
Add the following lines to your /etc/apt/preferences That will deactivate all packages from backports.org
Package: *
Pin: release a=lenny-backports
Pin-Priority: 200
If you want to activate a package (e.g. nginx), add these lines to /etc/apt/preferences
Package: nginx
Pin: release a=lenny-backports
Pin-Priority: 999
Then you need to update the source list using the following command
# apt-get update
Install the package using the following command
# apt-get install nginx
as usual.
Another way is to skip the second entry in /etc/apt/preferences and to use
# apt-get -t lenny-backports install nginx
which is easier when the package requires additional backports.
If you want to install any package you need to replace the nginx package name with the name of the package you want to install.
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Backports服务源成为官方正式源
The Debian Project is proud to announce that the backports service on 2010-09-05, previously available at www.backports.org is now an official Debian service available at backports.debian.org.
You are running Debian stable, because you prefer the stable Debian tree. It runs great, there is just one problem: the software is a little bit outdated compared to other distributions. That is where backports come in.
Backports are recompiled packages from testing (mostly) and unstable (in a few cases only, e.g. security updates), so they will run without new libraries (wherever it is possible) on a stable Debian distribution. I recommend you to pick out single backports which fits your needs, and not to use all backports available here.
Backports are packages from the testing distribution recompiled for the current stable (or even oldstable) release to provide users of the stable distribution with new versions of certain packages, like the Linux kernel, the Iceweasel browser or the OpenOffice.org suite, without sacrificing the overall stability of the system.
The archive currently has 528 packages backported for the Lenny distribution. As the infrastructure to accept packages for the upcoming Squeeze release is already in place, this allows Debian Installer images to configure the backports repository by default without generating errors on user systems. The service for Squeeze will be enabled at a later date, after the release.
Because of limitations in the Debian Bug Tracking System, any bugs relevant to backported packages still have to be reported to the debian-backports list, which have now also been moved to lists.debian.org.
Informations on how to use the backports service are available at the new backports website. Users of the old backports service should change their sources.list to point to deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports lenny-backports main contrib non-free (or one of its mirrors). Please also note, that with the integration into Debian's infrastructure the GPG key used to sign the backports repository has been changed to Debian's official FTP-master key.
About www.backports.org
The backports service at www.backports.org was orginially started by Debian Developer Norbert Tretkowski with much support from team(ix). It was later continued and improved by Debian Developers Alexander Wirt (organisation) and Jörg Jaspert (technical support) to host over 500 backported packages for various architectures.
We would like to thank team(ix) for providing a good home for this service for all these years.